Purpose: The present study aimed to discuss the effectiveness of mindfulness training method on male students’ Self-efficacy and intelligence Beliefs.Methodology: The present study was a descriptive correlation. The studied population consists of all male students in secondary schools of Qouchan city in academic year 96-97. The studied sample includes 30 members too, who were selected from the intended population in a targeted sampling way and were randomly substituted in a test group (15 members) and a control group (15 members).Findings: The results indicated that mindfulness training influenced male students’ Self-efficacy and intelligence Beliefs. Descriptive results indicated that the average scores of pretest and posttest for variables of self- efficacy and intelligence Beliefs and levels of that difference between two test and control group, were in favor of test group, resulting from effectiveness of mindfulness training method. Also the results of effect tests among subjects which were conducted by covariance method, indicated that scores of intelligence Beliefs and self- efficacy in test group was higher than control group.Discussion: It deserves that teachers and educators provide more and better opportunities for learning, by preparing appropriate conditions for Self-efficacy growth and extrinsic intelligence Beliefs increase, by mindfulness training method.

Porpose: The Aim of this study was to provide a model for improving the professional competence of teachers based on psychological empowerment, metacognitive Beliefs mediated by Self-efficacy, in a combined method. Method: In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the variable of teachers' professional competence. Thus, 35 items were designed by conducting a qualitative study by document review method and by studying valid scientific documents and sources related to the subject. Which measures professional knowledge, professional skills, professional abilities and professional attitude in a five-point and four-component spectrum. How to fit the four-component structure of the Teacher Professional Competence Questionnaire was investigated and maximum likelihood estimation (ML). Findings: Findings show that all components of psychological empowerment and selfefficacy are positively and at a significant level of 0. 01 correlated with the components of professional competence of teachers. With the exception of the correlation coefficient between the components of cognitive self-awareness and professional attitude, two variables of metacognitive Beliefs and professional competence, which were negative and significant at the level of 0. 05, the other components of the two variables were negative and at a significance level of 0. 01 with each other. They were correlated. Conclusion: The results showed that Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between metacognitive Beliefs and teachers 'professional competence in a negative way and the relationship between psychological empowerment and teachers' professional competence in a positive and significant way.

Four important ways of religious education in the field of Beliefs are inferred in this article through the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including the root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand the nature of religion in the Holy Quran. Then, we have benefited from the inference method to find the ways of religious education in the Holy Quran. In the inferential method, we have reached the “conclusion”, which is the method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. The solutions of the Holy Quran to achieve the methods of religious education are explained in the following. For example, using the Scriptures directly to know the right actions is one of the solutions of the Holy Quran to reach the way of believing in the punishment of deeds. The achievement of religious education methods through discovering the nature of religion and explaining the purpose of education on the one hand and using the inferential method as a research method on the other hand is one of the innovations of this research. The achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational theoretical model for formal and public education system.

This research was carried out with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of the self-knowledge educational package based on the theory of existentialism on the illogical Beliefs of communication on people. The statistical population included all married people who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran's 1st and 3rd districts with marital problems. In the current research, experimental research method of quasi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. In the research sample, 16 people who had a high level of irrational Beliefs were selected voluntarily based on the answers to the voluntary questionnaire of counseling centers, and 8 people were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was Adilson and Epstein's communication irrational Beliefs questionnaire, which was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and 12 data collection training sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance or MANOVA method was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis of covariance in the Mankva text showed that in the main hypothesis, the analysis of covariance in the variable of couples' irrational Beliefs (sig=0.02, F=6.059) is significant. The results of the sub-hypotheses also showed that the analysis of covariance in the variable of destructiveness, belief in the changeability of the spouse, belief in mind reading, belief in sexual perfectionism and sexual differences of couples is significant. the self-knowledge education based on the existentialism approach is effective on the irrational Beliefs of married people.